|>))<a [^>]+?>([^>]+?)</a></a>#i', "$1$3</a>", $r );
	return $r;
}

/**
 * Breaks a string into chunks by splitting at whitespace characters.
 * The length of each returned chunk is as close to the specified length goal as possible,
 * with the caveat that each chunk includes its trailing delimiter.
 * Chunks longer than the goal are guaranteed to not have any inner whitespace.
 *
 * Joining the returned chunks with empty delimiters reconstructs the input string losslessly.
 *
 * Input string must have no null characters (or eventual transformations on output chunks must not care about null characters)
 *
 * <code>
 * _split_str_by_whitespace( "1234 67890 1234 67890a cd 1234   890 123456789 1234567890a    45678   1 3 5 7 90 ", 10 ) ==
 * array (
 *   0 => '1234 67890 ',  // 11 characters: Perfect split
 *   1 => '1234 ',        //  5 characters: '1234 67890a' was too long
 *   2 => '67890a cd ',   // 10 characters: '67890a cd 1234' was too long
 *   3 => '1234   890 ',  // 11 characters: Perfect split
 *   4 => '123456789 ',   // 10 characters: '123456789 1234567890a' was too long
 *   5 => '1234567890a ', // 12 characters: Too long, but no inner whitespace on which to split
 *   6 => '   45678   ',  // 11 characters: Perfect split
 *   7 => '1 3 5 7 9',    //  9 characters: End of $string
 * );
 * </code>
 *
 * @since 3.4.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @param string $string The string to split.
 * @param int $goal The desired chunk length.
 * @return array Numeric array of chunks.
 */
function _split_str_by_whitespace( $string, $goal ) {
	$chunks = array();

	$string_nullspace = strtr( $string, "\r\n\t\v\f ", "\000\000\000\000\000\000" );

	while ( $goal < strlen( $string_nullspace ) ) {
		$pos = strrpos( substr( $string_nullspace, 0, $goal + 1 ), "\000" );

		if ( false === $pos ) {
			$pos = strpos( $string_nullspace, "\000", $goal + 1 );
			if ( false === $pos ) {
				break;
			}
		}

		$chunks[] = substr( $string, 0, $pos + 1 );
		$string = substr( $string, $pos + 1 );
		$string_nullspace = substr( $string_nullspace, $pos + 1 );
	}

	if ( $string ) {
		$chunks[] = $string;
	}

	return $chunks;
}

/**
 * Adds rel nofollow string to all HTML A elements in content.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $text Content that may contain HTML A elements.
 * @return string Converted content.
 */
function wp_rel_nofollow( $text ) {
	// This is a pre save filter, so text is already escaped.
	$text = stripslashes($text);
	$text = preg_replace_callback('|<a (.+?)>|i', 'wp_rel_nofollow_callback', $text);
	$text = esc_sql($text);
	return $text;
}

/**
 * Callback to used to add rel=nofollow string to HTML A element.
 *
 * Will remove already existing rel="nofollow" and rel='nofollow' from the
 * string to prevent from invalidating (X)HTML.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param array $matches Single Match
 * @return string HTML A Element with rel nofollow.
 */
function wp_rel_nofollow_callback( $matches ) {
	$text = $matches[1];
	$text = str_replace(array(' rel="nofollow"', " rel='nofollow'"), '', $text);
	return "<a $text rel=\"nofollow\">";
}

/**
 * Convert one smiley code to the icon graphic file equivalent.
 *
 * Looks up one smiley code in the $wpsmiliestrans global array and returns an
 * <img> string for that smiley.
 *
 * @global array $wpsmiliestrans
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $smiley Smiley code to convert to image.
 * @return string Image string for smiley.
 */
function translate_smiley($smiley) {
	global $wpsmiliestrans;

	if (count($smiley) == 0) {
		return '';
	}

	$smiley = trim(reset($smiley));
	$img = $wpsmiliestrans[$smiley];
	$smiley_masked = esc_attr($smiley);

	$srcurl = apply_filters('smilies_src', includes_url("images/smilies/$img"), $img, site_url());

	return " <img src='$srcurl' alt='$smiley_masked' class='wp-smiley' /> ";
}

/**
 * Convert text equivalent of smilies to images.
 *
 * Will only convert smilies if the option 'use_smilies' is true and the global
 * used in the function isn't empty.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 * @uses $wp_smiliessearch
 *
 * @param string $text Content to convert smilies from text.
 * @return string Converted content with text smilies replaced with images.
 */
function convert_smilies($text) {
	global $wp_smiliessearch;
	$output = '';
	if ( get_option('use_smilies') && !empty($wp_smiliessearch) ) {
		// HTML loop taken from texturize function, could possible be consolidated
		$textarr = preg_split("/(<.*>)/U", $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE); // capture the tags as well as in between
		$stop = count($textarr);// loop stuff
		for ($i = 0; $i < $stop; $i++) {
			$content = $textarr[$i];
			if ((strlen($content) > 0) && ('<' != $content[0])) { // If it's not a tag
				$content = preg_replace_callback($wp_smiliessearch, 'translate_smiley', $content);
			}
			$output .= $content;
		}
	} else {
		// return default text.
		$output = $text;
	}
	return $output;
}

/**
 * Verifies that an email is valid.
 *
 * Does not grok i18n domains. Not RFC compliant.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $email Email address to verify.
 * @param boolean $deprecated Deprecated.
 * @return string|bool Either false or the valid email address.
 */
function is_email( $email, $deprecated = false ) {
	if ( ! empty( $deprecated ) )
		_deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '3.0' );

	// Test for the minimum length the email can be
	if ( strlen( $email ) < 3 ) {
		return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'email_too_short' );
	}

	// Test for an @ character after the first position
	if ( strpos( $email, '@', 1 ) === false ) {
		return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'email_no_at' );
	}

	// Split out the local and domain parts
	list( $local, $domain ) = explode( '@', $email, 2 );

	// LOCAL PART
	// Test for invalid characters
	if ( !preg_match( '/^[a-zA-Z0-9!#$%&\'*+\/=?^_`{|}~\.-]+$/', $local ) ) {
		return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'local_invalid_chars' );
	}

	// DOMAIN PART
	// Test for sequences of periods
	if ( preg_match( '/\.{2,}/', $domain ) ) {
		return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'domain_period_sequence' );
	}

	// Test for leading and trailing periods and whitespace
	if ( trim( $domain, " \t\n\r\0\x0B." ) !== $domain ) {
		return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'domain_period_limits' );
	}

	// Split the domain into subs
	$subs = explode( '.', $domain );

	// Assume the domain will have at least two subs
	if ( 2 > count( $subs ) ) {
		return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'domain_no_periods' );
	}

	// Loop through each sub
	foreach ( $subs as $sub ) {
		// Test for leading and trailing hyphens and whitespace
		if ( trim( $sub, " \t\n\r\0\x0B-" ) !== $sub ) {
			return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'sub_hyphen_limits' );
		}

		// Test for invalid characters
		if ( !preg_match('/^[a-z0-9-]+$/i', $sub ) ) {
			return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'sub_invalid_chars' );
		}
	}

	// Congratulations your email made it!
	return apply_filters( 'is_email', $email, $email, null );
}

/**
 * Convert to ASCII from email subjects.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @param string $string Subject line
 * @return string Converted string to ASCII
 */
function wp_iso_descrambler($string) {
	/* this may only work with iso-8859-1, I'm afraid */
	if (!preg_match('#\=\?(.+)\?Q\?(.+)\?\=#i', $string, $matches)) {
		return $string;
	} else {
		$subject = str_replace('_', ' ', $matches[2]);
		$subject = preg_replace_callback('#\=([0-9a-f]{2})#i', '_wp_iso_convert', $subject);
		return $subject;
	}
}

/**
 * Helper function to convert hex encoded chars to ASCII
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 * @access private
 * @param array $match The preg_replace_callback matches array
 * @return array Converted chars
 */
function _wp_iso_convert( $match ) {
	return chr( hexdec( strtolower( $match[1] ) ) );
}

/**
 * Returns a date in the GMT equivalent.
 *
 * Requires and returns a date in the Y-m-d H:i:s format. Simply subtracts the
 * value of the 'gmt_offset' option. Return format can be overridden using the
 * $format parameter. The DateTime and DateTimeZone classes are used to respect
 * time zone differences in DST.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @uses get_option() to retrieve the the value of 'gmt_offset'.
 * @param string $string The date to be converted.
 * @param string $format The format string for the returned date (default is Y-m-d H:i:s)
 * @return string GMT version of the date provided.
 */
function get_gmt_from_date($string, $format = 'Y-m-d H:i:s') {
	preg_match('#([0-9]{1,4})-([0-9]{1,2})-([0-9]{1,2}) ([0-9]{1,2}):([0-9]{1,2}):([0-9]{1,2})#', $string, $matches);
	if ( ! $matches )
		return date( $format, 0 );

	$tz = get_option('timezone_string');
	if ( $tz ) {
		date_default_timezone_set( $tz );
		$datetime = date_create( $string );
		if ( ! $datetime )
			return date( $format, 0 );

		$datetime->setTimezone( new DateTimeZone('UTC') );
		$offset = $datetime->getOffset();
		$datetime->modify( '+' . $offset / HOUR_IN_SECONDS . ' hours');
		$string_gmt = gmdate($format, $datetime->format('U'));

		date_default_timezone_set('UTC');
	} else {
		$string_time = gmmktime($matches[4], $matches[5], $matches[6], $matches[2], $matches[3], $matches[1]);
		$string_gmt = gmdate($format, $string_time - get_option('gmt_offset') * HOUR_IN_SECONDS);
	}
	return $string_gmt;
}

/**
 * Converts a GMT date into the correct format for the blog.
 *
 * Requires and returns in the Y-m-d H:i:s format. Simply adds the value of
 * gmt_offset.Return format can be overridden using the $format parameter
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @param string $string The date to be converted.
 * @param string $format The format string for the returned date (default is Y-m-d H:i:s)
 * @return string Formatted date relative to the GMT offset.
 */
function get_date_from_gmt($string, $format = 'Y-m-d H:i:s') {
	preg_match('#([0-9]{1,4})-([0-9]{1,2})-([0-9]{1,2}) ([0-9]{1,2}):([0-9]{1,2}):([0-9]{1,2})#', $string, $matches);
	$string_time = gmmktime($matches[4], $matches[5], $matches[6], $matches[2], $matches[3], $matches[1]);
	$string_localtime = gmdate($format, $string_time + get_option('gmt_offset') * HOUR_IN_SECONDS);
	return $string_localtime;
}

/**
 * Computes an offset in seconds from an iso8601 timezone.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $timezone Either 'Z' for 0 offset or '±hhmm'.
 * @return int|float The offset in seconds.
 */
function iso8601_timezone_to_offset($timezone) {
	// $timezone is either 'Z' or '[+|-]hhmm'
	if ($timezone == 'Z') {
		$offset = 0;
	} else {
		$sign    = (substr($timezone, 0, 1) == '+') ? 1 : -1;
		$hours   = intval(substr($timezone, 1, 2));
		$minutes = intval(substr($timezone, 3, 4)) / 60;
		$offset  = $sign * HOUR_IN_SECONDS * ($hours + $minutes);
	}
	return $offset;
}

/**
 * Converts an iso8601 date to MySQL DateTime format used by post_date[_gmt].
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $date_string Date and time in ISO 8601 format {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601}.
 * @param string $timezone Optional. If set to GMT returns the time minus gmt_offset. Default is 'user'.
 * @return string The date and time in MySQL DateTime format - Y-m-d H:i:s.
 */
function iso8601_to_datetime($date_string, $timezone = 'user') {
	$timezone = strtolower($timezone);

	if ($timezone == 'gmt') {

		preg_match('#([0-9]{4})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})T([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2})(Z|[\+|\-][0-9]{2,4}){0,1}#', $date_string, $date_bits);

		if (!empty($date_bits[7])) { // we have a timezone, so let's compute an offset
			$offset = iso8601_timezone_to_offset($date_bits[7]);
		} else { // we don't have a timezone, so we assume user local timezone (not server's!)
			$offset = HOUR_IN_SECONDS * get_option('gmt_offset');
		}

		$timestamp = gmmktime($date_bits[4], $date_bits[5], $date_bits[6], $date_bits[2], $date_bits[3], $date_bits[1]);
		$timestamp -= $offset;

		return gmdate('Y-m-d H:i:s', $timestamp);

	} else if ($timezone == 'user') {
		return preg_replace('#([0-9]{4})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})T([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2})(Z|[\+|\-][0-9]{2,4}){0,1}#', '$1-$2-$3 $4:$5:$6', $date_string);
	}
}

/**
 * Adds a element attributes to open links in new windows.
 *
 * Comment text in popup windows should be filtered through this. Right now it's
 * a moderately dumb function, ideally it would detect whether a target or rel
 * attribute was already there and adjust its actions accordingly.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $text Content to replace links to open in a new window.
 * @return string Content that has filtered links.
 */
function popuplinks($text) {
	$text = preg_replace('/<a (.+?)>/i', "<a $1 target='_blank' rel='external'>", $text);
	return $text;
}

/**
 * Strips out all characters that are not allowable in an email.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $email Email address to filter.
 * @return string Filtered email address.
 */
function sanitize_email( $email ) {
	// Test for the minimum length the email can be
	if ( strlen( $email ) < 3 ) {
		return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'email_too_short' );
	}

	// Test for an @ character after the first position
	if ( strpos( $email, '@', 1 ) === false ) {
		return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'email_no_at' );
	}

	// Split out the local and domain parts
	list( $local, $domain ) = explode( '@', $email, 2 );

	// LOCAL PART
	// Test for invalid characters
	$local = preg_replace( '/[^a-zA-Z0-9!#$%&\'*+\/=?^_`{|}~\.-]/', '', $local );
	if ( '' === $local ) {
		return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'local_invalid_chars' );
	}

	// DOMAIN PART
	// Test for sequences of periods
	$domain = preg_replace( '/\.{2,}/', '', $domain );
	if ( '' === $domain ) {
		return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'domain_period_sequence' );
	}

	// Test for leading and trailing periods and whitespace
	$domain = trim( $domain, " \t\n\r\0\x0B." );
	if ( '' === $domain ) {
		return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'domain_period_limits' );
	}

	// Split the domain into subs
	$subs = explode( '.', $domain );

	// Assume the domain will have at least two subs
	if ( 2 > count( $subs ) ) {
		return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'domain_no_periods' );
	}

	// Create an array that will contain valid subs
	$new_subs = array();

	// Loop through each sub
	foreach ( $subs as $sub ) {
		// Test for leading and trailing hyphens
		$sub = trim( $sub, " \t\n\r\0\x0B-" );

		// Test for invalid characters
		$sub = preg_replace( '/[^a-z0-9-]+/i', '', $sub );

		// If there's anything left, add it to the valid subs
		if ( '' !== $sub ) {
			$new_subs[] = $sub;
		}
	}

	// If there aren't 2 or more valid subs
	if ( 2 > count( $new_subs ) ) {
		return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'domain_no_valid_subs' );
	}

	// Join valid subs into the new domain
	$domain = join( '.', $new_subs );

	// Put the email back together
	$email = $local . '@' . $domain;

	// Congratulations your email made it!
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', $email, $email, null );
}

/**
 * Determines the difference between two timestamps.
 *
 * The difference is returned in a human readable format such as "1 hour",
 * "5 mins", "2 days".
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param int $from Unix timestamp from which the difference begins.
 * @param int $to Optional. Unix timestamp to end the time difference. Default becomes time() if not set.
 * @return string Human readable time difference.
 */
function human_time_diff( $from, $to = '' ) {
	if ( empty( $to ) )
		$to = time();
	$diff = (int) abs( $to - $from );
	if ( $diff <= HOUR_IN_SECONDS ) {
		$mins = round( $diff / MINUTE_IN_SECONDS );
		if ( $mins <= 1 ) {
			$mins = 1;
		}
		/* translators: min=minute */
		$since = sprintf( _n( '%s min', '%s mins', $mins ), $mins );
	} elseif ( ( $diff <= DAY_IN_SECONDS ) && ( $diff > HOUR_IN_SECONDS ) ) {
		$hours = round( $diff / HOUR_IN_SECONDS );
		if ( $hours <= 1 ) {
			$hours = 1;
		}
		$since = sprintf( _n( '%s hour', '%s hours', $hours ), $hours );
	} elseif ( $diff >= DAY_IN_SECONDS ) {
		$days = round( $diff / DAY_IN_SECONDS );
		if ( $days <= 1 ) {
			$days = 1;
		}
		$since = sprintf( _n( '%s day', '%s days', $days ), $days );
	}
	return $since;
}

/**
 * Generates an excerpt from the content, if needed.
 *
 * The excerpt word amount will be 55 words and if the amount is greater than
 * that, then the string ' [...]' will be appended to the excerpt. If the string
 * is less than 55 words, then the content will be returned as is.
 *
 * The 55 word limit can be modified by plugins/themes using the excerpt_length filter
 * The ' [...]' string can be modified by plugins/themes using the excerpt_more filter
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $text Optional. The excerpt. If set to empty, an excerpt is generated.
 * @return string The excerpt.
 */
function wp_trim_excerpt($text = '') {
	$raw_excerpt = $text;
	if ( '' == $text ) {
		$text = get_the_content('');

		$text = strip_shortcodes( $text );

		$text = apply_filters('the_content', $text);
		$text = str_replace(']]>', ']]&gt;', $text);
		$excerpt_length = apply_filters('excerpt_length', 55);
		$excerpt_more = apply_filters('excerpt_more', ' ' . '[...]');
		$text = wp_trim_words( $text, $excerpt_length, $excerpt_more );
	}
	return apply_filters('wp_trim_excerpt', $text, $raw_excerpt);
}

/**
 * Trims text to a certain number of words.
 *
 * This function is localized. For languages that count 'words' by the individual
 * character (such as East Asian languages), the $num_words argument will apply
 * to the number of individual characters.
 *
 * @since 3.3.0
 *
 * @param string $text Text to trim.
 * @param int $num_words Number of words. Default 55.
 * @param string $more What to append if $text needs to be trimmed. Default '&hellip;'.
 * @return string Trimmed text.
 */
function wp_trim_words( $text, $num_words = 55, $more = null ) {
	if ( null === $more )
		$more = __( '&hellip;' );
	$original_text = $text;
	$text = wp_strip_all_tags( $text );
	/* translators: If your word count is based on single characters (East Asian characters),
	   enter 'characters'. Otherwise, enter 'words'. Do not translate into your own language. */
	if ( 'characters' == _x( 'words', 'word count: words or characters?' ) && preg_match( '/^utf\-?8$/i', get_option( 'blog_charset' ) ) ) {
		$text = trim( preg_replace( "/[\n\r\t ]+/", ' ', $text ), ' ' );
		preg_match_all( '/./u', $text, $words_array );
		$words_array = array_slice( $words_array[0], 0, $num_words + 1 );
		$sep = '';
	} else {
		$words_array = preg_split( "/[\n\r\t ]+/", $text, $num_words + 1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY );
		$sep = ' ';
	}
	if ( count( $words_array ) > $num_words ) {
		array_pop( $words_array );
		$text = implode( $sep, $words_array );
		$text = $text . $more;
	} else {
		$text = implode( $sep, $words_array );
	}
	return apply_filters( 'wp_trim_words', $text, $num_words, $more, $original_text );
}

/**
 * Converts named entities into numbered entities.
 *
 * @since 1.5.1
 *
 * @param string $text The text within which entities will be converted.
 * @return string Text with converted entities.
 */
function ent2ncr($text) {

	// Allow a plugin to short-circuit and override the mappings.
	$filtered = apply_filters( 'pre_ent2ncr', null, $text );
	if( null !== $filtered )
		return $filtered;

	$to_ncr = array(
		'&quot;' => '&#34;',
		'&amp;' => '&#38;',
		'&frasl;' => '&#47;',
		'&lt;' => '&#60;',
		'&gt;' => '&#62;',
		'|' => '&#124;',
		'&nbsp;' => '&#160;',
		'&iexcl;' => '&#161;',
		'&cent;' => '&#162;',
		'&pound;' => '&#163;',
		'&curren;' => '&#164;',
		'&yen;' => '&#165;',
		'&brvbar;' => '&#166;',
		'&brkbar;' => '&#166;',
		'&sect;' => '&#167;',
		'&uml;' => '&#168;',
		'&die;' => '&#168;',
		'&copy;' => '&#169;',
		'&ordf;' => '&#170;',
		'&laquo;' => '&#171;',
		'&not;' => '&#172;',
		'&shy;' => '&#173;',
		'&reg;' => '&#174;',
		'&macr;' => '&#175;',
		'&hibar;' => '&#175;',
		'&deg;' => '&#176;',
		'&plusmn;' => '&#177;',
		'&sup2;' => '&#178;',
		'&sup3;' => '&#179;',
		'&acute;' => '&#180;',
		'&micro;' => '&#181;',
		'&para;' => '&#182;',
		'&middot;' => '&#183;',
		'&cedil;' => '&#184;',
		'&sup1;' => '&#185;',
		'&ordm;' => '&#186;',
		'&raquo;' => '&#187;',
		'&frac14;' => '&#188;',
		'&frac12;' => '&#189;',
		'&frac34;' => '&#190;',
		'&iquest;' => '&#191;',
		'&Agrave;' => '&#192;',
		'&Aacute;' => '&#193;',
		'&Acirc;' => '&#194;',
		'&Atilde;' => '&#195;',
		'&Auml;' => '&#196;',
		'&Aring;' => '&#197;',
		'&AElig;' => '&#198;',
		'&Ccedil;' => '&#199;',
		'&Egrave;' => '&#200;',
		'&Eacute;' => '&#201;',
		'&Ecirc;' => '&#202;',
		'&Euml;' => '&#203;',
		'&Igrave;' => '&#204;',
		'&Iacute;' => '&#205;',
		'&Icirc;' => '&#206;',
		'&Iuml;' => '&#207;',
		'&ETH;' => '&#208;',
		'&Ntilde;' => '&#209;',
		'&Ograve;' => '&#210;',
		'&Oacute;' => '&#211;',
		'&Ocirc;' => '&#212;',
		'&Otilde;' => '&#213;',
		'&Ouml;' => '&#214;',
		'&times;' => '&#215;',
		'&Oslash;' => '&#216;',
		'&Ugrave;' => '&#217;',
		'&Uacute;' => '&#218;',
		'&Ucirc;' => '&#219;',
		'&Uuml;' => '&#220;',
		'&Yacute;' => '&#221;',
		'&THORN;' => '&#222;',
		'&szlig;' => '&#223;',
		'&agrave;' => '&#224;',
		'&aacute;' => '&#225;',
		'&acirc;' => '&#226;',
		'&atilde;' => '&#227;',
		'&auml;' => '&#228;',
		'&aring;' => '&#229;',
		'&aelig;' => '&#230;',
		'&ccedil;' => '&#231;',
		'&egrave;' => '&#232;',
		'&eacute;' => '&#233;',
		'&ecirc;' => '&#234;',
		'&euml;' => '&#235;',
		'&igrave;' => '&#236;',
		'&iacute;' => '&#237;',
		'&icirc;' => '&#238;',
		'&iuml;' => '&#239;',
		'&eth;' => '&#240;',
		'&ntilde;' => '&#241;',
		'&ograve;' => '&#242;',
		'&oacute;' => '&#243;',
		'&ocirc;' => '&#244;',
		'&otilde;' => '&#245;',
		'&ouml;' => '&#246;',
		'&divide;' => '&#247;',
		'&oslash;' => '&#248;',
		'&ugrave;' => '&#249;',
		'&uacute;' => '&#250;',
		'&ucirc;' => '&#251;',
		'&uuml;' => '&#252;',
		'&yacute;' => '&#253;',
		'&thorn;' => '&#254;',
		'&yuml;' => '&#255;',
		'&OElig;' => '&#338;',
		'&oelig;' => '&#339;',
		'&Scaron;' => '&#352;',
		'&scaron;' => '&#353;',
		'&Yuml;' => '&#376;',
		'&fnof;' => '&#402;',
		'&circ;' => '&#710;',
		'&tilde;' => '&#732;',
		'&Alpha;' => '&#913;',
		'&Beta;' => '&#914;',
		'&Gamma;' => '&#915;',
		'&Delta;' => '&#916;',
		'&Epsilon;' => '&#917;',
		'&Zeta;' => '&#918;',
		'&Eta;' => '&#919;',
		'&Theta;' => '&#920;',
		'&Iota;' => '&#921;',
		'&Kappa;' => '&#922;',
		'&Lambda;' => '&#923;',
		'&Mu;' => '&#924;',
		'&Nu;' => '&#925;',
		'&Xi;' => '&#926;',
		'&Omicron;' => '&#927;',
		'&Pi;' => '&#928;',
		'&Rho;' => '&#929;',
		'&Sigma;' => '&#931;',
		'&Tau;' => '&#932;',
		'&Upsilon;' => '&#933;',
		'&Phi;' => '&#934;',
		'&Chi;' => '&#935;',
		'&Psi;' => '&#936;',
		'&Omega;' => '&#937;',
		'&alpha;' => '&#945;',
		'&beta;' => '&#946;',
		'&gamma;' => '&#947;',
		'&delta;' => '&#948;',
		'&epsilon;' => '&#949;',
		'&zeta;' => '&#950;',
		'&eta;' => '&#951;',
		'&theta;' => '&#952;',
		'&iota;' => '&#953;',
		'&kappa;' => '&#954;',
		'&lambda;' => '&#955;',
		'&mu;' => '&#956;',
		'&nu;' => '&#957;',
		'&xi;' => '&#958;',
		'&omicron;' => '&#959;',
		'&pi;' => '&#960;',
		'&rho;' => '&#961;',
		'&sigmaf;' => '&#962;',
		'&sigma;' => '&#963;',
		'&tau;' => '&#964;',
		'&upsilon;' => '&#965;',
		'&phi;' => '&#966;',
		'&chi;' => '&#967;',
		'&psi;' => '&#968;',
		'&omega;' => '&#969;',
		'&thetasym;' => '&#977;',
		'&upsih;' => '&#978;',
		'&piv;' => '&#982;',
		'&ensp;' => '&#8194;',
		'&emsp;' => '&#8195;',
		'&thinsp;' => '&#8201;',
		'&zwnj;' => '&#8204;',
		'&zwj;' => '&#8205;',
		'&lrm;' => '&#8206;',
		'&rlm;' => '&#8207;',
		'&ndash;' => '&#8211;',
		'&mdash;' => '&#8212;',
		'&lsquo;' => '&#8216;',
		'&rsquo;' => '&#8217;',
		'&sbquo;' => '&#8218;',
		'&ldquo;' => '&#8220;',
		'&rdquo;' => '&#8221;',
		'&bdquo;' => '&#8222;',
		'&dagger;' => '&#8224;',
		'&Dagger;' => '&#8225;',
		'&bull;' => '&#8226;',
		'&hellip;' => '&#8230;',
		'&permil;' => '&#8240;',
		'&prime;' => '&#8242;',
		'&Prime;' => '&#8243;',
		'&lsaquo;' => '&#8249;',
		'&rsaquo;' => '&#8250;',
		'&oline;' => '&#8254;',
		'&frasl;' => '&#8260;',
		'&euro;' => '&#8364;',
		'&image;' => '&#8465;',
		'&weierp;' => '&#8472;',
		'&real;' => '&#8476;',
		'&trade;' => '&#8482;',
		'&alefsym;' => '&#8501;',
		'&crarr;' => '&#8629;',
		'&lArr;' => '&#8656;',
		'&uArr;' => '&#8657;',
		'&rArr;' => '&#8658;',
		'&dArr;' => '&#8659;',
		'&hArr;' => '&#8660;',
		'&forall;' => '&#8704;',
		'&part;' => '&#8706;',
		'&exist;' => '&#8707;',
		'&empty;' => '&#8709;',
		'&nabla;' => '&#8711;',
		'&isin;' => '&#8712;',
		'&notin;' => '&#8713;',
		'&ni;' => '&#8715;',
		'&prod;' => '&#8719;',
		'&sum;' => '&#8721;',
		'&minus;' => '&#8722;',
		'&lowast;' => '&#8727;',
		'&radic;' => '&#8730;',
		'&prop;' => '&#8733;',
		'&infin;' => '&#8734;',
		'&ang;' => '&#8736;',
		'&and;' => '&#8743;',
		'&or;' => '&#8744;',
		'&cap;' => '&#8745;',
		'&cup;' => '&#8746;',
		'&int;' => '&#8747;',
		'&there4;' => '&#8756;',
		'&sim;' => '&#8764;',
		'&cong;' => '&#8773;',
		'&asymp;' => '&#8776;',
		'&ne;' => '&#8800;',
		'&equiv;' => '&#8801;',
		'&le;' => '&#8804;',
		'&ge;' => '&#8805;',
		'&sub;' => '&#8834;',
		'&sup;' => '&#8835;',
		'&nsub;' => '&#8836;',
		'&sube;' => '&#8838;',
		'&supe;' => '&#8839;',
		'&oplus;' => '&#8853;',
		'&otimes;' => '&#8855;',
		'&perp;' => '&#8869;',
		'&sdot;' => '&#8901;',
		'&lceil;' => '&#8968;',
		'&rceil;' => '&#8969;',
		'&lfloor;' => '&#8970;',
		'&rfloor;' => '&#8971;',
		'&lang;' => '&#9001;',
		'&rang;' => '&#9002;',
		'&larr;' => '&#8592;',
		'&uarr;' => '&#8593;',
		'&rarr;' => '&#8594;',
		'&darr;' => '&#8595;',
		'&harr;' => '&#8596;',
		'&loz;' => '&#9674;',
		'&spades;' => '&#9824;',
		'&clubs;' => '&#9827;',
		'&hearts;' => '&#9829;',
		'&diams;' => '&#9830;'
	);

	return str_replace( array_keys($to_ncr), array_values($to_ncr), $text );
}

/**
 * Formats text for the rich text editor.
 *
 * The filter 'richedit_pre' is applied here. If $text is empty the filter will
 * be applied to an empty string.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @param string $text The text to be formatted.
 * @return string The formatted text after filter is applied.
 */
function wp_richedit_pre($text) {
	// Filtering a blank results in an annoying <br />\n
	if ( empty($text) ) return apply_filters('richedit_pre', '');

	$output = convert_chars($text);
	$output = wpautop($output);
	$output = htmlspecialchars($output, ENT_NOQUOTES);

	return apply_filters('richedit_pre', $output);
}

/**
 * Formats text for the HTML editor.
 *
 * Unless $output is empty it will pass through htmlspecialchars before the
 * 'htmledit_pre' filter is applied.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param string $output The text to be formatted.
 * @return string Formatted text after filter applied.
 */
function wp_htmledit_pre($output) {
	if ( !empty($output) )
		$output = htmlspecialchars($output, ENT_NOQUOTES); // convert only < > &

	return apply_filters('htmledit_pre', $output);
}

/**
 * Perform a deep string replace operation to ensure the values in $search are no longer present
 *
 * Repeats the replacement operation until it no longer replaces anything so as to remove "nested" values
 * e.g. $subject = '%0%0%0DDD', $search ='%0D', $result ='' rather than the '%0%0DD' that
 * str_replace would return
 *
 * @since 2.8.1
 * @access private
 *
 * @param string|array $search
 * @param string $subject
 * @return string The processed string
 */
function _deep_replace( $search, $subject ) {
	$found = true;
	$subject = (string) $subject;
	while ( $found ) {
		$found = false;
		foreach ( (array) $search as $val ) {
			while ( strpos( $subject, $val ) !== false ) {
				$found = true;
				$subject = str_replace( $val, '', $subject );
			}
		}
	}

	return $subject;
}

/**
 * Escapes data for use in a MySQL query
 *
 * This is just a handy shortcut for $wpdb->escape(), for completeness' sake
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @param string $sql Unescaped SQL data
 * @return string The cleaned $sql
 */
function esc_sql( $sql ) {
	global $wpdb;
	return $wpdb->escape( $sql );
}

/**
 * Checks and cleans a URL.
 *
 * A number of characters are removed from the URL. If the URL is for displaying
 * (the default behaviour) ampersands are also replaced. The 'clean_url' filter
 * is applied to the returned cleaned URL.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @uses wp_kses_bad_protocol() To only permit protocols in the URL set
 *		via $protocols or the common ones set in the function.
 *
 * @param string $url The URL to be cleaned.
 * @param array $protocols Optional. An array of acceptable protocols.
 *		Defaults to 'http', 'https', 'ftp', 'ftps', 'mailto', 'news', 'irc', 'gopher', 'nntp', 'feed', 'telnet', 'mms', 'rtsp', 'svn' if not set.
 * @param string $_context Private. Use esc_url_raw() for database usage.
 * @return string The cleaned $url after the 'clean_url' filter is applied.
 */
function esc_url( $url, $protocols = null, $_context = 'display' ) {
	$original_url = $url;

	if ( '' == $url )
		return $url;
	$url = preg_replace('|[^a-z0-9-~+_.?#=!&;,/:%@$\|*\'()\\x80-\\xff]|i', '', $url);
	$strip = array('%0d', '%0a', '%0D', '%0A');
	$url = _deep_replace($strip, $url);
	$url = str_replace(';//', '://', $url);
	/* If the URL doesn't appear to contain a scheme, we
	 * presume it needs http:// appended (unless a relative
	 * link starting with /, # or ? or a php file).
	 */
	if ( strpos($url, ':') === false && ! in_array( $url[0], array( '/', '#', '?' ) ) &&
		! preg_match('/^[a-z0-9-]+?\.php/i', $url) )
		$url = 'http://' . $url;

	// Replace ampersands and single quotes only when displaying.
	if ( 'display' == $_context ) {
		$url = wp_kses_normalize_entities( $url );
		$url = str_replace( '&amp;', '&#038;', $url );
		$url = str_replace( "'", '&#039;', $url );
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $protocols ) )
		$protocols = wp_allowed_protocols();
	$good_protocol_url = wp_kses_bad_protocol( $url, $protocols );
	if ( strtolower( $good_protocol_url ) != strtolower( $url ) )
		return '';

	return apply_filters('clean_url', $good_protocol_url, $original_url, $_context);
}

/**
 * Performs esc_url() for database usage.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @uses esc_url()
 *
 * @param string $url The URL to be cleaned.
 * @param array $protocols An array of acceptable protocols.
 * @return string The cleaned URL.
 */
function esc_url_raw( $url, $protocols = null ) {
	return esc_url( $url, $protocols, 'db' );
}

/**
 * Convert entities, while preserving already-encoded entities.
 *
 * @link http://www.php.net/htmlentities Borrowed from the PHP Manual user notes.
 *
 * @since 1.2.2
 *
 * @param string $myHTML The text to be converted.
 * @return string Converted text.
 */
function htmlentities2($myHTML) {
	$translation_table = get_html_translation_table( HTML_ENTITIES, ENT_QUOTES );
	$translation_table[chr(38)] = '&';
	return preg_replace( "/&(?![A-Za-z]{0,4}\w{2,3};|#[0-9]{2,3};)/", "&amp;", strtr($myHTML, $translation_table) );
}

/**
 * Escape single quotes, htmlspecialchar " < > &, and fix line endings.
 *
 * Escapes text strings for echoing in JS. It is intended to be used for inline JS
 * (in a tag attribute, for example onclick="..."). Note that the strings have to
 * be in single quotes. The filter 'js_escape' is also applied here.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $text The text to be escaped.
 * @return string Escaped text.
 */
function esc_js( $text ) {
	$safe_text = wp_check_invalid_utf8( $text );
	$safe_text = _wp_specialchars( $safe_text, ENT_COMPAT );
	$safe_text = preg_replace( '/&#(x)?0*(?(1)27|39);?/i', "'", stripslashes( $safe_text ) );
	$safe_text = str_replace( "\r", '', $safe_text );
	$safe_text = str_replace( "\n", '\\n', addslashes( $safe_text ) );
	return apply_filters( 'js_escape', $safe_text, $text );
}

/**
 * Escaping for HTML blocks.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $text
 * @return string
 */
function esc_html( $text ) {
	$safe_text = wp_check_invalid_utf8( $text );
	$safe_text = _wp_specialchars( $safe_text, ENT_QUOTES );
	return apply_filters( 'esc_html', $safe_text, $text );
}

/**
 * Escaping for HTML attributes.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $text
 * @return string
 */
function esc_attr( $text ) {
	$safe_text = wp_check_invalid_utf8( $text );
	$safe_text = _wp_specialchars( $safe_text, ENT_QUOTES );
	return apply_filters( 'attribute_escape', $safe_text, $text );
}

/**
 * Escaping for textarea values.
 *
 * @since 3.1
 *
 * @param string $text
 * @return string
 */
function esc_textarea( $text ) {
	$safe_text = htmlspecialchars( $text, ENT_QUOTES );
	return apply_filters( 'esc_textarea', $safe_text, $text );
}

/**
 * Escape a HTML tag name.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param string $tag_name
 * @return string
 */
function tag_escape($tag_name) {
	$safe_tag = strtolower( preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9_:]/', '', $tag_name) );
	return apply_filters('tag_escape', $safe_tag, $tag_name);
}

/**
 * Escapes text for SQL LIKE special characters % and _.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param string $text The text to be escaped.
 * @return string text, safe for inclusion in LIKE query.
 */
function like_escape($text) {
	return str_replace(array("%", "_"), array("\\%", "\\_"), $text);
}

/**
 * Convert full URL paths to absolute paths.
 *
 * Removes the http or https protocols and the domain. Keeps the path '/' at the
 * beginning, so it isn't a true relative link, but from the web root base.
 *
 * @since 2.1.0
 *
 * @param string $link Full URL path.
 * @return string Absolute path.
 */
function wp_make_link_relative( $link ) {
	return preg_replace( '|https?://[^/]+(/.*)|i', '$1', $link );
}

/**
 * Sanitises various option values based on the nature of the option.
 *
 * This is basically a switch statement which will pass $value through a number
 * of functions depending on the $option.
 *
 * @since 2.0.5
 *
 * @param string $option The name of the option.
 * @param string $value The unsanitised value.
 * @return string Sanitized value.
 */
function sanitize_option($option, $value) {

	switch ( $option ) {
		case 'admin_email' :
		case 'new_admin_email' :
			$value = sanitize_email( $value );
			if ( ! is_email( $value ) ) {
				$value = get_option( $option ); // Resets option to stored value in the case of failed sanitization
				if ( function_exists( 'add_settings_error' ) )
					add_settings_error( $option, 'invalid_admin_email', __( 'The email address entered did not appear to be a valid email address. Please enter a valid email address.' ) );
			}
			break;

		case 'thumbnail_size_w':
		case 'thumbnail_size_h':
		case 'medium_size_w':
		case 'medium_size_h':
		case 'large_size_w':
		case 'large_size_h':
		case 'mailserver_port':
		case 'comment_max_links':
		case 'page_on_front':
		case 'page_for_posts':
		case 'rss_excerpt_length':
		case 'default_category':
		case 'default_email_category':
		case 'default_link_category':
		case 'close_comments_days_old':
		case 'comments_per_page':
		case 'thread_comments_depth':
		case 'users_can_register':
		case 'start_of_week':
			$value = absint( $value );
			break;

		case 'posts_per_page':
		case 'posts_per_rss':
			$value = (int) $value;
			if ( empty($value) )
				$value = 1;
			if ( $value < -1 )
				$value = abs($value);
			break;

		case 'default_ping_status':
		case 'default_comment_status':
			// Options that if not there have 0 value but need to be something like "closed"
			if ( $value == '0' || $value == '')
				$value = 'closed';
			break;

		case 'blogdescription':
		case 'blogname':
			$value = wp_kses_post( $value );
			$value = esc_html( $value );
			break;

		case 'blog_charset':
			$value = preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]/', '', $value); // strips slashes
			break;

		case 'blog_public':
			// This is the value if the settings checkbox is not checked on POST. Don't rely on this.
			if ( null === $value )
				$value = 1;
			else
				$value = intval( $value );
			break;

		case 'date_format':
		case 'time_format':
		case 'mailserver_url':
		case 'mailserver_login':
		case 'mailserver_pass':
		case 'upload_path':
			$value = strip_tags( $value );
			$value = wp_kses_data( $value );
			break;

		case 'ping_sites':
			$value = explode( "\n", $value );
			$value = array_filter( array_map( 'trim', $value ) );
			$value = array_filter( array_map( 'esc_url_raw', $value ) );
			$value = implode( "\n", $value );
			break;

		case 'gmt_offset':
			$value = preg_replace('/[^0-9:.-]/', '', $value); // strips slashes
			break;

		case 'siteurl':
			if ( (bool)preg_match( '#http(s?)://(.+)#i', $value) ) {
				$value = esc_url_raw($value);
			} else {
				$value = get_option( $option ); // Resets option to stored value in the case of failed sanitization
				if ( function_exists('add_settings_error') )
					add_settings_error('siteurl', 'invalid_siteurl', __('The WordPress address you entered did not appear to be a valid URL. Please enter a valid URL.'));
			}
			break;

		case 'home':
			if ( (bool)preg_match( '#http(s?)://(.+)#i', $value) ) {
				$value = esc_url_raw($value);
			} else {
				$value = get_option( $option ); // Resets option to stored value in the case of failed sanitization
				if ( function_exists('add_settings_error') )
					add_settings_error('home', 'invalid_home', __('The Site address you entered did not appear to be a valid URL. Please enter a valid URL.'));
			}
			break;

		case 'WPLANG':
			$allowed = get_available_languages();
			if ( ! in_array( $value, $allowed ) && ! empty( $value ) )
				$value = get_option( $option );
			break;

		case 'illegal_names':
			if ( ! is_array( $value ) )
				$value = explode( ' ', $value );

			$value = array_values( array_filter( array_map( 'trim', $value ) ) );

			if ( ! $value )
				$value = '';
			break;

		case 'limited_email_domains':
		case 'banned_email_domains':
			if ( ! is_array( $value ) )
				$value = explode( "\n", $value );

			$domains = array_values( array_filter( array_map( 'trim', $value ) ) );
			$value = array();

			foreach ( $domains as $domain ) {
				if ( ! preg_match( '/(--|\.\.)/', $domain ) && preg_match( '|^([a-zA-Z0-9-\.])+$|', $domain ) )
					$value[] = $domain;
			}
			if ( ! $value )
				$value = '';
			break;

		case 'timezone_string':
			$allowed_zones = timezone_identifiers_list();
			if ( ! in_array( $value, $allowed_zones ) && ! empty( $value ) ) {
				$value = get_option( $option ); // Resets option to stored value in the case of failed sanitization
				if ( function_exists('add_settings_error') )
					add_settings_error('timezone_string', 'invalid_timezone_string', __('The timezone you have entered is not valid. Please select a valid timezone.') );
			}
			break;

		case 'permalink_structure':
		case 'category_base':
		case 'tag_base':
			$value = esc_url_raw( $value );
			$value = str_replace( 'http://', '', $value );
			break;
	}

	$value = apply_filters("sanitize_option_{$option}", $value, $option);

	return $value;
}

/**
 * Parses a string into variables to be stored in an array.
 *
 * Uses {@link http://www.php.net/parse_str parse_str()} and stripslashes if
 * {@link http://www.php.net/magic_quotes magic_quotes_gpc} is on.
 *
 * @since 2.2.1
 * @uses apply_filters() for the 'wp_parse_str' filter.
 *
 * @param string $string The string to be parsed.
 * @param array $array Variables will be stored in this array.
 */
function wp_parse_str( $string, &$array ) {
	parse_str( $string, $array );
	if ( get_magic_quotes_gpc() )
		$array = stripslashes_deep( $array );
	$array = apply_filters( 'wp_parse_str', $array );
}

/**
 * Convert lone less than signs.
 *
 * KSES already converts lone greater than signs.
 *
 * @uses wp_pre_kses_less_than_callback in the callback function.
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string $text Text to be converted.
 * @return string Converted text.
 */
function wp_pre_kses_less_than( $text ) {
	return preg_replace_callback('%<[^>]*?((?=<)|>|$)%', 'wp_pre_kses_less_than_callback', $text);
}

/**
 * Callback function used by preg_replace.
 *
 * @uses esc_html to format the $matches text.
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param array $matches Populated by matches to preg_replace.
 * @return string The text returned after esc_html if needed.
 */
function wp_pre_kses_less_than_callback( $matches ) {
	if ( false === strpos($matches[0], '>') )
		return esc_html($matches[0]);
	return $matches[0];
}

/**
 * WordPress implementation of PHP sprintf() with filters.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 * @link http://www.php.net/sprintf
 *
 * @param string $pattern The string which formatted args are inserted.
 * @param mixed $args,... Arguments to be formatted into the $pattern string.
 * @return string The formatted string.
 */
function wp_sprintf( $pattern ) {
	$args = func_get_args( );
	$len = strlen($pattern);
	$start = 0;
	$result = '';
	$arg_index = 0;
	while ( $len > $start ) {
		// Last character: append and break
		if ( strlen($pattern) - 1 == $start ) {
			$result .= substr($pattern, -1);
			break;
		}

		// Literal %: append and continue
		if ( substr($pattern, $start, 2) == '%%' ) {
			$start += 2;
			$result .= '%';
			continue;
		}

		// Get fragment before next %
		$end = strpos($pattern, '%', $start + 1);
		if ( false === $end )
			$end = $len;
		$fragment = substr($pattern, $start, $end - $start);

		// Fragment has a specifier
		if ( $pattern[$start] == '%' ) {
			// Find numbered arguments or take the next one in order
			if ( preg_match('/^%(\d+)\$/', $fragment, $matches) ) {
				$arg = isset($args[$matches[1]]) ? $args[$matches[1]] : '';
				$fragment = str_replace("%{$matches[1]}$", '%', $fragment);
			} else {
				++$arg_index;
				$arg = isset($args[$arg_index]) ? $args[$arg_index] : '';
			}

			// Apply filters OR sprintf
			$_fragment = apply_filters( 'wp_sprintf', $fragment, $arg );
			if ( $_fragment != $fragment )
				$fragment = $_fragment;
			else
				$fragment = sprintf($fragment, strval($arg) );
		}

		// Append to result and move to next fragment
		$result .= $fragment;
		$start = $end;
	}
	return $result;
}

/**
 * Localize list items before the rest of the content.
 *
 * The '%l' must be at the first characters can then contain the rest of the
 * content. The list items will have ', ', ', and', and ' and ' added depending
 * on the amount of list items in the $args parameter.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param string $pattern Content containing '%l' at the beginning.
 * @param array $args List items to prepend to the content and replace '%l'.
 * @return string Localized list items and rest of the content.
 */
function wp_sprintf_l($pattern, $args) {
	// Not a match
	if ( substr($pattern, 0, 2) != '%l' )
		return $pattern;

	// Nothing to work with
	if ( empty($args) )
		return '';

	// Translate and filter the delimiter set (avoid ampersands and entities here)
	$l = apply_filters('wp_sprintf_l', array(
		/* translators: used between list items, there is a space after the comma */
		'between'          => __(', '),
		/* translators: used between list items, there is a space after the and */
		'between_last_two' => __(', and '),
		/* translators: used between only two list items, there is a space after the and */
		'between_only_two' => __(' and '),
		));

	$args = (array) $args;
	$result = array_shift($args);
	if ( count($args) == 1 )
		$result .= $l['between_only_two'] . array_shift($args);
	// Loop when more than two args
	$i = count($args);
	while ( $i ) {
		$arg = array_shift($args);
		$i--;
		if ( 0 == $i )
			$result .= $l['between_last_two'] . $arg;
		else
			$result .= $l['between'] . $arg;
	}
	return $result . substr($pattern, 2);
}

/**
 * Safely extracts not more than the first $count characters from html string.
 *
 * UTF-8, tags and entities safe prefix extraction. Entities inside will *NOT*
 * be counted as one character. For example &amp; will be counted as 4, &lt; as
 * 3, etc.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param integer $str String to get the excerpt from.
 * @param integer $count Maximum number of characters to take.
 * @return string The excerpt.
 */
function wp_html_excerpt( $str, $count ) {
	$str = wp_strip_all_tags( $str, true );
	$str = mb_substr( $str, 0, $count );
	// remove part of an entity at the end
	$str = preg_replace( '/&[^;\s]{0,6}$/', '', $str );
	return $str;
}

/**
 * Add a Base url to relative links in passed content.
 *
 * By default it supports the 'src' and 'href' attributes. However this can be
 * changed via the 3rd param.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @param string $content String to search for links in.
 * @param string $base The base URL to prefix to links.
 * @param array $attrs The attributes which should be processed.
 * @return string The processed content.
 */
function links_add_base_url( $content, $base, $attrs = array('src', 'href') ) {
	global $_links_add_base;
	$_links_add_base = $base;
	$attrs = implode('|', (array)$attrs);
	return preg_replace_callback( "!($attrs)=(['\"])(.+?)\\2!i", '_links_add_base', $content );
}

/**
 * Callback to add a base url to relative links in passed content.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @param string $m The matched link.
 * @return string The processed link.
 */
function _links_add_base($m) {
	global $_links_add_base;
	//1 = attribute name  2 = quotation mark  3 = URL
	return $m[1] . '=' . $m[2] .
		( preg_match( '#^(\w{1,20}):#', $m[3], $protocol ) && in_array( $protocol[1], wp_allowed_protocols() ) ?
			$m[3] :
			path_join( $_links_add_base, $m[3] ) )
		. $m[2];
}

/**
 * Adds a Target attribute to all links in passed content.
 *
 * This function by default only applies to <a> tags, however this can be
 * modified by the 3rd param.
 *
 * <b>NOTE:</b> Any current target attributed will be stripped and replaced.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @param string $content String to search for links in.
 * @param string $target The Target to add to the links.
 * @param array $tags An array of tags to apply to.
 * @return string The processed content.
 */
function links_add_target( $content, $target = '_blank', $tags = array('a') ) {
	global $_links_add_target;
	$_links_add_target = $target;
	$tags = implode('|', (array)$tags);
	return preg_replace_callback( "!<($tags)(.+?)>!i", '_links_add_target', $content );
}

/**
 * Callback to add a target attribute to all links in passed content.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @param string $m The matched link.
 * @return string The processed link.
 */
function _links_add_target( $m ) {
	global $_links_add_target;
	$tag = $m[1];
	$link = preg_replace('|(target=[\'"](.*?)[\'"])|i', '', $m[2]);
	return '<' . $tag . $link . ' target="' . esc_attr( $_links_add_target ) . '">';
}

// normalize EOL characters and strip duplicate whitespace
function normalize_whitespace( $str ) {
	$str  = trim($str);
	$str  = str_replace("\r", "\n", $str);
	$str  = preg_replace( array( '/\n+/', '/[ \t]+/' ), array( "\n", ' ' ), $str );
	return $str;
}

/**
 * Properly strip all HTML tags including script and style
 *
 * @since 2.9.0
 *
 * @param string $string String containing HTML tags
 * @param bool $remove_breaks optional Whether to remove left over line breaks and white space chars
 * @return string The processed string.
 */
function wp_strip_all_tags($string, $remove_breaks = false) {
	$string = preg_replace( '@<(script|style)[^>]*?>.*?</\\1>@si', '', $string );
	$string = strip_tags($string);

	if ( $remove_breaks )
		$string = preg_replace('/[\r\n\t ]+/', ' ', $string);

	return trim( $string );
}

/**
 * Sanitize a string from user input or from the db
 *
 * check for invalid UTF-8,
 * Convert single < characters to entity,
 * strip all tags,
 * remove line breaks, tabs and extra white space,
 * strip octets.
 *
 * @since 2.9.0
 *
 * @param string $str
 * @return string
 */
function sanitize_text_field($str) {
	$filtered = wp_check_invalid_utf8( $str );

	if ( strpos($filtered, '<') !== false ) {
		$filtered = wp_pre_kses_less_than( $filtered );
		// This will strip extra whitespace for us.
		$filtered = wp_strip_all_tags( $filtered, true );
	} else {
		$filtered = trim( preg_replace('/[\r\n\t ]+/', ' ', $filtered) );
	}

	$match = array();
	$found = false;
	while ( preg_match('/%[a-f0-9]{2}/i', $filtered, $match) ) {
		$filtered = str_replace($match[0], '', $filtered);
		$found = true;
	}

	if ( $found ) {
		// Strip out the whitespace that may now exist after removing the octets.
		$filtered = trim( preg_replace('/ +/', ' ', $filtered) );
	}

	return apply_filters('sanitize_text_field', $filtered, $str);
}

/**
 * i18n friendly version of basename()
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @param string $path A path.
 * @param string $suffix If the filename ends in suffix this will also be cut off.
 * @return string
 */
function wp_basename( $path, $suffix = '' ) {
	return urldecode( basename( str_replace( array( '%2F', '%5C' ), '/', urlencode( $path ) ), $suffix ) );
}

/**
 * Forever eliminate "Wordpress" from the planet (or at least the little bit we can influence).
 *
 * Violating our coding standards for a good function name.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 */
function capital_P_dangit( $text ) {
	// Simple replacement for titles
	if ( 'the_title' === current_filter() )
		return str_replace( 'Wordpress', 'WordPress', $text );
	// Still here? Use the more judicious replacement
	static $dblq = false;
	if ( false === $dblq )
		$dblq = _x( '&#8220;', 'opening curly double quote' );
	return str_replace(
		array( ' Wordpress', '&#8216;Wordpress', $dblq . 'Wordpress', '>Wordpress', '(Wordpress' ),
		array( ' WordPress', '&#8216;WordPress', $dblq . 'WordPress', '>WordPress', '(WordPress' ),
	$text );

}

/**
 * Sanitize a mime type
 *
 * @since 3.1.3
 *
 * @param string $mime_type Mime type
 * @return string Sanitized mime type
 */
function sanitize_mime_type( $mime_type ) {
	$sani_mime_type = preg_replace( '/[^-+*.a-zA-Z0-9\/]/', '', $mime_type );
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_mime_type', $sani_mime_type, $mime_type );
}

/**
 * Sanitize space or carriage return separated URLs that are used to send trackbacks.
 *
 * @since 3.4.0
 *
 * @param string $to_ping Space or carriage return separated URLs
 * @return string URLs starting with the http or https protocol, separated by a carriage return.
 */
function sanitize_trackback_urls( $to_ping ) {
	$urls_to_ping = preg_split( '/[\r\n\t ]/', trim( $to_ping ), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY );
	foreach ( $urls_to_ping as $k => $url ) {
		if ( !preg_match( '#^https?://.#i', $url ) )
			unset( $urls_to_ping[$k] );
	}
	$urls_to_ping = array_map( 'esc_url_raw', $urls_to_ping );
	$urls_to_ping = implode( "\n", $urls_to_ping );
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_trackback_urls', $urls_to_ping, $to_ping );
}